Resumo: O estado de Goiás, no Brasil central, é coberto principalmente pelo domínio do Cerrado, com a Mata Atlântica do Alto Paraná ocupando sua porção centro-sul. Goiás é uma das 20 unidades federativas brasileiras que ainda não possui uma lista de espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo, apresentamos a primeira lista de mamíferos para o estado. Registramos as espécies de mamíferos com base principalmente na análise de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas, bem como na literatura apresentando material testemunho associado. Listamos 191 espécies pertencentes a 125 gêneros, 31 famílias e 10 ordens, as quais representam 25,2% das espécies de mamíferos que ocorrem no Brasil. As ordens mais especiosas foram Chiroptera (90 spp.), seguida pelas ordens Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) e Didelphimorphia (17 spp.), com as demais ordens respondendo por uma porção menor da diversidade: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.) e Perissodactyla (1 sp.). Um total de 28 espécies (14,7%), principalmente representadas por mamíferos de médio e grande porte, estão ameaçadas nacionalmente e 12 (6,3%) encontram-se globalmente ameaçadas. Nossos resultados indicaram grandes porções do estado ainda não devidamente pesquisadas em relação aos seus mamíferos, com informações escassas e fragmentadas, principalmente no que diz respeito à sua porção noroeste. Discutimos a riqueza de espécies, a distribuição e o estado de conservação dos mamíferos do estado de Goiás nos cenários nacional e regional. Ressaltamos a importância da realização de inventários que utilizem técnicas complementares de amostragem, incluindo a coleta de material testemunho, proporcionando a obtenção de dados cariotípicos, moleculares, morfológicos, parasitológicos e ecológicos. Estas informações são a base de estudos integrativos, os quais aumentam nossa compreensão a respeito da riqueza e diversidade atual dos mamíferos. O conhecimento a respeito da distribuição da riqueza de espécies em Goiás é essencial para embasar estratégias de conservação, tão necessárias em áreas que vem sofrendo com a perda e fragmentação de seus hábitats naturais, como a porção centro-sul do estado.

Abstract: The state of Goiás, in central Brazil, is covered mainly by the Cerrado domain, with the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest occupying its central-southern portion. Goiás is one of the 20 Brazilian federative units without a mammal checklist. In this study, we provide the first checklist of mammals from Goiás state. We recorded mammal species based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections as well as on literature with associated voucher material. We listed 191 mammalian species belonging to 125 genera, 31 families and 10 orders, which represents 25.2% of the mammal species occurring in Brazil. The most speciose orders were Chiroptera (90 spp.), followed by Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) and Didelphimorphia (17 spp.). The following orders accounted for a smaller portion of the state diversity: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.), and Perissodactyla (1 sp.). A total of 28 species (14.7%), mainly represented by medium and large-sized mammals, are nationally threatened while 12 (6.3%) are globally threatened. Our results indicate great portions of the state lacking a proper survey of mammals, especially the northwestern portion. We discuss species richness, distribution and conservation status of the mammals of Goiás state in national and regional scenarios. We highlight the need for mammal inventories based on complementary survey techniques with the collection of vouchers in order to provide karyologic, molecular, morphologic, parasitologic, and ecological data. These informations are the basis for integrative studies that lead to the understanding of current mammalian richness and diversity. Indeed, knowledge on species richness distribution in the state will guide conservation strategies, especially in areas undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation, such as the central-southern portion of Goiás.

Introduction: The Cerrado is characterized by a mosaic of habitats ranging from open grasslands to dense arboreal savannas and woodlands, with gallery forests along watercourses. Extensive areas of Cerrado have been gradually deforested in the last 50 years, currently only 20% of the biome still retains its original vegetation, and only 2.5% is preserved as permanent protected areas. Scientific knowledge of the Cerrado fauna, such as composition, natural history, and geographic distribution of its species is very important to conservation strategies. Nevertheless, most of the Cerrado still remains poorly sampled and studied. Although an increasing number of works have been published for Cerrado nonvolant small mammals in recent years, there are few studies dealing with biogeographic patterns for the biome. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of nonvolant small mammals and to determine the habitat use of the species encountered at Emas National Park - ENP, one of the most important reserves of the Cerrado biome, located in a region yet poorly known. Methodology: We sampled 28 different areas representing seven habitat types found in the ENP. Small mammals were surveyed during rainy and dry seasons with live and pitfall traps. The total effort was 10,664 trap-nights for live and 2,898 trap-nights for pitfall traps. The data analysis consisted of rarefaction curves, estimates of species richness, data on relative abundance, diversity and evenness indexes, as well as the faunal composition in each habitat type and in ENP in order to observe how the assemblage is characterized and distributed in the landscape to better understand the biogeography of this southwestern region in the Cerrado. Results: We recorded 23 species of marsupials and small rodents in ENP. The grass mouse Necromys lasiurus was the most abundant, with the majority of species being rare. More species and individuals were encountered during the rainy season, with gallery forests and arboreal dense savannas representing the richest habitats. The assemblage was composed by two species groups: one inhabiting the forests and the other the open areas. Species composition overlaps with those of adjacent biomes and other Cerrado regions, but we found endemic and southwestern restricted species, characterizing an assemblage most similar to the Pantanal and Chaco biomes. Discussion and conclusions: Previous studies in the Cerrado have shown a higher richness and abundance during the dry season. Our results could be explained by the higher abundance (reproduction period) and activity (abundance of resources) during the rainy season. The habitat selectivity results showed the great importance of canopy and humidity on the distribution of small mammals, with gallery forest being not the richest habitat in the region. The high richness also found in the savannas, although less stratified vertically, may be a result of horizontal heterogeneity. Other biomes adjoin the Cerrado and influence its faunal composition; compared to the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest, the fauna of the present study showed greater similarity with the Amazon, contrary to prior studies. This pattern is mainly related to the presence of four taxa that occur in both the Amazon and Cerrado, but are replaced by sister groups in the Atlantic Rainforest. This study highlights the importance of this protected area, as it harbors a high richness of nonvolant small mammals, including endemic species and also species with restricted distributional ranges within the Cerrado, together with a unique faunal composition, characteristic of the southwestern portion of this biome.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la diversidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores y determinar su uso de hábitat en el Parque Nacional Emas - PNE, una de las reservas más importantes del bioma Cerrado, ubicado en una región aún poco conocida. Registramos la presencia de 23 especies de marsupiales y pequeños roedores en el PNE, 20 de las cuales fueron encontradas en siete tipos distintos de hábitats mediante el uso de trampas de caída (2,898 noches-trampa, 9 especies) y trampas de captura viva (10,664 noches-trampa, 18 especies). En general, fueron encontradas más especies durante la época lluviosa (20) que durante la época seca (12). El hábitat analices mostró claramente un ensamblaje compuesto por especies habitando diferentes tipos de hábitat, obteniéndose dos agrupamientos principales: bosques y áreas abiertas; pocas especies fueran observadas en ambos tipos de hábitat, fisonómicamente diferentes. Desde el punto de vista biogeográfico, la composición de especies registrada en el PNE se superpone con la de los biomas adyacentes cuando se consideran las especies generalistas y con amplia distribución. Sin embargo, encontramos cuatro especies endémicas del Cerrado, tres de ellas exclusivas de las formaciones abiertas del parque. La mayor similitud en cuanto a composición se dio con la fauna del Pantanal, seguida por la del Chaco, la de la Caatinga y la del Amazonas. El presente estudio resalta la importancia de esta área protegida, dado que contiene una alta riqueza de pequeños mamíferos no voladores, incluyendo tanto especies endémicas como especies con distribuciones restringidas dentro del Cerrado y por su composición faunística única característica de la porción sudoeste de este bioma.

The genus Gyldenstolpia was recently described and includes two species, G. fronto and G. planaltensis, both very rare. Gyldenstolpia planaltensis had records in only two localities in the central-western Brazil and is endemic to the Cerrado biome. A new locality is added to G. planaltensis, extending its distribution, and was obtained from a specimen housed in a museum collection. Summarized data on the distribution, ecology and natural history of G. planaltensis denotes that this species can be already extinct or committed to extinction because of habitat conversion and habitat loss.

El género Gyldenstolpia fue recientemente descrito e incluye dos especies, G. fronto y G. planaltensis, ambas muy raras. Gyldenstolpia planaltensis tenía registros en solamente dos localidades del centro de Brasil central y es endémica del bioma Cerrado. Una nueva localidad, correspondiente a un ejemplar de museo, se agrega para G. planaltensis, ampliando su distribución. Los datos resumidos sobre la distribución, ecologia e historia natural de G. planaltensis denotan que esta especie podría estar extinta o encontrarse en vías de desaparecer debido a la conversión y perdida del hábitat.